Awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology - BBC Russian

2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine went to the scientists from the U.S. and Germany

2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to scientists from the United States, James Rothman and Randy Shekmanu and German Thomas Zyudhofu for the discovery of the mechanism of regulation of cell-cell interactions.

They found

mechanism by which cells communicate signals and deliver hormones, and other substances where they are needed.

This mechanism is particularly important for understanding the functioning of the brain, immune and endocrine systems of humans.

This

cells use “vesicle” – the microscopic bubbles of fat which serves as a transport to the enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters, transporting them within the cells. All these substances are packed into small bubbles, which are surrounded by a membrane and are delivered to the desired location.

the Nobel committee said that this discovery has made a major contribution to our understanding of how the signal is transmitted and substances at the intracellular level and between cells.

“ Their discoveries have turned our understanding of how cells function, which is of fundamental importance for the treatment of many diseases ”

Dr. Lisa Swanton, University of Manchester

Interruptions in action this mechanism can occur in various brain diseases and diabetes.

Professor James Rothman of Yale University discovered the proteins enclosed in vesicles, which play the role of the mechanism of connections with other cells to release the necessary substances in the right place.

Professor Randy Sheksman from the University of California at Berkeley discovered the genes that control the transport system in yeast. He came to the conclusion that mutations in three genes lead to a complete breakdown of the action of intracellular and intercellular exchange.

Professor Thomas Zyudhof, is now working at Stanford University in the U.S., revealed features of the behavior of this mechanism in the brain, in particular, how neurotransmitters are allocated at the right time in the right place.

Dr. Lisa Swanton University of Manchester says the vesicles resemble the postman bag, as their main objective is to deliver materials to a certain address.

“These physiologists understand the mechanism of delivery of the information and materials needed for the cells in place. Their discoveries have turned our understanding of how cells function, which is of fundamental importance for the treatment of many diseases,” – she said.